Diabetes Awareness Advertisement And Its Impact On The...

Kidney failure, blindness, and stroke are the few of the many major complications individuals who are diagnosed with diabetes are at the risk for. With more than nine million Canadians living with diabetes, the prevalence continues to rise, putting young children and adults at the risk of being diagnosed (Egan Dinneen, 2014). The lack of knowledge for healthy living, easily accessible fast food, obesity, and genetics can play a major role behind some of the causes for it. Diabetes is a condition in which the glucose levels are elevated and the body does not produce enough insulin, which plays an important role in transporting glucose in the body cells (Egan Dinneen, 2014). The other form of diabetes is when our kidney fails to conserve water resulting in excessive urination (Dinneen, 2010). The three subdivisions of diabetes are Type 1, Type 2 and Gestational diabetes (Dinneen, 2010). This particular paper will focus on the diabetes awareness advertisement and its impact on the intended audience. The Diabetes Day Awareness Commercial is funded by Novo Nordisk, which is a Canadian healthcare company that collaborates with global organizations, and governments to focus on diabetic care. The company is working towards improving health care and treatments to motivate individuals to live a healthier life style (Novo Nordisk, 2014). The company acknowledges the growing concern diabetes has and addresses the need for â€Å"concerted action to address the pandemic, challengingShow MoreRelatedUnhealthy Eating1386 Words   |  6 Pagesimportant to remain healthy inside and out. It is important to maintain a healthy lifestyle to live a longer life. Unhealthy eating leads to obesity in individuals, as well as chronic health issues like heart disease and strokes, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and certain kinds of cancers. The state of Minnesota is currently facing high obesity rates and this campaign will help in reducing that rate. The goal is to make millennials understand managi ng good nutrition, dietary intake, exercise, and beingRead MoreMain Components Of The Health Belief Model1246 Words   |  5 Pageswhich to best achieve your overall goal. Our impact objective was to increase awareness in our target community. One theory that could help accomplish this goal is the Health Belief Model. One of the key components of the health belief model is perceived susceptibility. A key strategy for our advertising campaign may be to strengthen the belief that the target population is indeed susceptible thus encouraging involvement. 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The importance of preventing childhood obesity proposal to reduce the prevalence of obesity complications such as high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, high cholesterolRead MoreAn Important Part Of Any Public Health Program Is A Mission Statement1828 Words   |  8 Pagesstatement describes the focus of the program and the philosophy behind it. We believe that diabetes is a serious but preventable problem. The mission of our program is to decrease the instance of diabetes in twenty to fifty year olds in the Hispanic Community of Tulare County by increasing the consumption of healthy fruits and vegetables, improving access to diabetic testing and increasing knowledge and awareness of the disease. In order to achieve this mission, we have established the following goalsRead MoreOnline Advertising Methods For Advertising1719 Words   |  7 Pagesmarketers create awareness to the consumers regarding their new or existing products and services. Banner advertisement on the inte rnet is another method of online advertisement. It allows consumers to obtain information on issues they want by clicking the banners of their choice [7]. Contrary to the traditional methods of advertising, online advertising allows consumers to interact with the marketers. Consumers get clarification of issues they may have regarding the advertisement while the marketersRead MoreMarketing Communications Mix1739 Words   |  7 Pagescommunications planning that recognizes the added value of a comprehensive plan that evaluates the strategic roles of a variety of communication disciplines and combines these disciplines to provide clarity, consistency and maximum communications impact†. 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In a society that functions at a high speed, fast food has quickly been adopted as the preferred food of choice. These restaurants with their attractive advertisements are spreading into our neighborhoods,traditions, television, and culture more and more. Burger King and McDonald’s burgers have become defining foods of the typical person diet. The goals of this industry aim to ma ke these chains more accessible

Personal Responsibility At A Young Age By Environmental Or...

Personal responsibility starts at a young age by environmental or parental influence. You are either taught personal responsibility as you grow into an adult by being held accountable for your own actions or the responsibility is taken from you. As an adult, you are responsible for every action that you take, but before that action comes a series of thoughts that lead you to taking that action. Depending on how you were brought up, your transition into becoming an adult can either be an easy one or a difficult one. As an adult, the one thing that I have learned is a constant is that you will be held accountable for your actions whether you like it or not. Holding yourself accountable and having self-discipline has a lot to do with personal responsibility in my opinion. When you hold yourself accountable for your actions you are making a conscious effort to be a responsible person. Every action starts with a thought, whether it’s a good thought or a bad thought, it will determine the outcome of that action. For example, when you wake up in the morning and the first thought that comes to mind is that you will have a bad day, whether you know it or not you are subconsciously going to make it a bad day. If you stopped that thought when it happened and told yourself that today will be a good day you have already turned the outcome around. By holding yourself accountable you are in control, you are not aimlessly going through life reacting to what happens to you. WhenShow MoreRelatedSocial Learning And Environmental Determinants Of Psychopathy1585 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Learning and Environmental Determinants of Psychopathy Psychopathy is a disorder caused by biological, environmental, and psychological factors that result in both interpersonal/affective deficits and social deviance/antisocial behaviors. 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Many states recognize some form of joint or shared custodyRead MoreSchool Violence2554 Words   |  10 PagesAbstract The socio-cultural and psychological dynamics of school going kids have been changing at a rapid rate in the recent decades in many countries. In most cases children, especially adolescents and young adults are showing increased tendencies of violence and aggression. Researches have shown that these aggressive tendencies which originate from different various different factors have excessively contributed to bullies and violence at schools. These problems are much more common in countriesRead MoreEffects of Romantic Relationship on the Academic Performance on College Students1079 Words   |  5 PagesChapter I PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE INTRODUCTION Rationale Love is blind. Is sees but it does not mind. Love is a deep sense of acceptance and commitment to some person, object or activity. 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Inroduction to Criminology and Criminal Justice

Question: Discuss bias in the criminal justice system and critically evaluate ways in which the values and ethics in the practice of criminal justice practitioners could ameliorate these. Answer: The law in the United Kingdom promotes legal equality in every manner, which was evident after the United Kingdom Parliament introduced the Equality Act 2010. The Equality Act 2010 is an anti-discrimination legislation which states that all individuals in the United Kingdom are equal in the eye of law irrespective of their age, gender, race, religion, disability and sexual orientation (Thompson 2016). Thus, the statutory law in the United Kingdom makes every citizen of the country equal however, the concept of equality is considerably difficult to achieve when it comes to implementation of procedural laws in the United Kingdom. Thus, the criminal justice system in the United Kingdom is biased against many groups present in the United Kingdom like Black individuals, individuals with Asians origin and other minority race. Amongst these groups, the Black individuals are victimized the most thus; the criminal justice system in the United Kingdom is evidently biased even after various sta tutes in the United Kingdom promote legal equality in every form. It is therefore important to review the said disparities in order to reform the same and build trust in the minds of the ethnic minority groups living in the United Kingdom toward the justice system (Skolnick 2011). The list of incidents is countless which concerns bias and discriminating behavior which the criminal justice system in the United Kingdom has advanced towards the Black community. One such incident occurred on 4 August 2011 when a black young male was shot to dead by the police official of Tottenham in the London region (Moore, Jewell and Cushion 2011). The said incident and the manner in which the London Police Authority handled the matter created a lot of riots and chaos against the London Police System. The said case was discussed in various debates which concluded that the Black minority in the United Kingdom were treated differently in every stage of the criminal justice system. The treatment and outcome of the case where minority Black men were involved was discriminating due to the inequality present in the practices, policies, procedures which promote prejudice against he said ethnic minority community (Rocque 2011). Thus, although the concept of racism is abolished and made illegal in most of the countries in the world, there is evidence of various rules and procedures exist in the criminal justice system of the United Kingdom that target, victimize and put the ethnic minority black community into disadvantage. There is statistic evidence in various reports on racism in criminal justice system which states that Section 1 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 of often misused by the police officials and they stop black men to search them and their belonging at least seven times more than an average white Englishmen (Miller 2010). Thus, the first manner in which Black minority community is discriminated under the criminal justice system is the bias the police and other administrative authority have against them which makes them misuse their excessive authority to harass and threaten the minority Black groups. Under Section 60 of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 permits the police in United Kingdom to stop and search any individual w ithout an appropriate suspicion, most of the time such discretionary powers are used against the minority and the police officers have no accountability of the said action (Reiner 2010). The discriminating treatment of the Black minority men does not stop with police officer victimizing them, it continues at every stage of criminal justice system where biased in behavior is seen in the thoughts of judges in the Court and other criminal justice advocates. An upsetting report recently made by the Ministry of Justicein the United Kingdom shows a distributing figure stating that Black men are 20% closer to get a prison sentence as compare to their white fellowmen (Williamson and Khiabany 2010). Moreover, the sentence given to Black men are found to be more strict compared to Englishmen being almost seven month longer on an average in case of Black minority for similar or same offence. Thus, evidence show that the judges in the United Kingdom Court rooms are biased against the black community and often work on this bias which makes 60-65% of the prisoners in the jail non-white members of the community. Thus, the issues in the said matter is the criminal justice system and the court proceedings which is independent and except for the system of filing an appeal, the judgment of any Court and judge has no accountability and the law precludes interference in judiciary. The major issue which black men face in the said matter is that if the Judges of the highest court of the United Kingdom where appeal is heard stand biased against black men, they are helpless and lose the hope of receiving appropriate justice in their favor. The said bias is evident when judges have to decide cases which have some uncertain facts and findings, in such situations the biased mind of the judges make them sentence black man even when his offence is not proved beyond reasonable doubt. The race of the jury and his association also affects on the bias he holds. For example, if a white judge is married to a black woman, he will be less biased towards the black offenders. Thus, the biased nature of police and judges including the other officers in charge of the criminal justice s ystem in the United Kingdom is a major issue and clearly violates various international laws which promote equality. The Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights guarantees the right to get a fair trial, thus, any biased jury or judge violates the said right if he behaves racist against black offenders. Additionally, racist behavior in any form is considered a serious offence all over the world, thus the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination was introduced to protect the interest of minority communities and black men. Thus, any administrative, judicial or other authority in the United Kingdom acting racist violates the said Convention to which United Kingdom is a party. Thus, the Convention gives a little hope to the black men who are discriminated to file a complaint against the racist behavior they experienced under Article 14 of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Banton 201 5). However, the use of Convention and International Laws is not the solution; and bias against black offenders has to be rooted out from the criminal justice system to advance the importance of legal equality and fair trial. Thus, the criminal justice system in the United Kingdom requires to be build on ethics and values which are to be followed by every law professional and enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom. A committee in the United Kingdom has established seven principles which are required to be followed by every public office holder which involves individuals who are locally or nationally elected to hold public offices. Thus, the seven principles established are integrity, accountability, openness, objectivity, selflessness, leadership and honesty (Spicker 2014). Thus, it is important that every police officer, judges, jury, youth justice officials, probation officers and prison service officials who are all holders of public office inculcate and comply with the said value s and ethics while conducting their functions (Ashworth and Redmayne 2010). Thus, if all individuals who are a part of the criminal justice system comply with the said seven principles, the scope of racist or any sort of unjust behavior will be eliminated automatically. Compliance with the said principles will make the individuals dealing with the criminal justice system clearly determine what is right to do in a particular situation, what should be the right decision according to the situation and how everyone can benefit. Thus, morals, values and ethics will automatically incorporated in the entire criminal justice system if the individuals who work in the system carry their duties upholding high standards of values, ethics and morals. Along with the morals, ethics and values, it is also important to work professionally. Thus, the individuals running the criminal justice system in the United Kingdom must show professionalism in every stage. Every professional under the criminal justice system has its own informal and formal code of conduct, rules and regulation, thus, the same have to be followed religiously to achieve an unbiased criminal justice system. Thus, the enforcement agencies in the criminal justice system must limit the use of force and avoid unreasonable search and seizure without suspicion of black men. They should follow their duty to equally protect all individuals irrespective of race and color. Moreover, the judges and jury in the criminal justice system must follow the due process of law which guarantees impartiality and accuracy to everyone irrespective of their religion, race and color (Hylton 2010). A judge must act professionally treating every as an innocent individual unless his crime is pro ven without reasonable doubt. Thus, if the basic structure of the criminal justice system which are the police, judges, prison officers, youth justice and probation officers start conducting their functions based on values and ethics along with professionalism, the biased nature of the criminal justice system in the United Kingdom will soon be eliminated (Boon 2010). Reference List Ashworth, A. and Redmayne, M., 2010.The criminal process. Oxford University Press, USA. Banton, M., 2015. United Nations. International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination/Beyond discrimination: racial inequality in a postracist era.Ethnic and Racial Studies,38(13), pp.2396-2398. Boon, A., 2010. Professionalism under the Legal Services Act 2007.International Journal of the Legal Profession,17(3), pp.195-232. Hylton, K., 2010. How a turn to critical race theory can contribute to our understanding of race, racism and anti-racism in sport.International review for the sociology of sport,45(3), pp.335-354. Miller, J., 2010. Stop and search in England: A reformed tactic or business as usual?.British Journal of Criminology,50(5), pp.954-974. Moore, K., Jewell, J. and Cushion, S., 2011. Media representations of black young men and boys: Report of the REACH media monitoring project. Reiner, R., 2010.The politics of the police. Oxford University Press. Rocque, M., 2011. Racial disparities in the criminal justice system and perceptions of legitimacy a theoretical linkage.Race and Justice,1(3), pp.292-315. Skolnick, J.H., 2011.Justice without trial: Law enforcement in democratic society. Quid pro books. Spicker, P., 2014. Seven Principles of Public Life: time to rethink.Public Money Management,34(1), pp.11-18. Thompson, N., 2016.Anti-discriminatory practice: Equality, diversity and social justice. Palgrave Macmillan. Williamson, M. and Khiabany, G., 2010. UK: The veil and the politics of racism.Race Class,52(2), pp.85-96.

Website Review and Human Computer Interaction

Question: Discuss about the Website Review and Human Computer Interaction. Answer: Introduction: The human computer interaction is the study of individuals interacting with the system. In this report the website of Kakadu National Park has been considered as the system (web based) and the three selected users are the individuals. The Kakadu National Park is the secured area situated at the Northern Territory, Australia. It has been special for its traditional aboriginal owners managing in partnership with the Parks Australia (Andersen, Humphrey Braby, 2014). The following report explores the various features of user interactions. The various capabilities of the site to deliver informative and user-friendly surfing with proper questionnaire as surveys are prepared for the assessment. Components of human interaction: The navigation of the primary site is placed well. It has been very simple to use and find. Despite this, it has not been consistent throughout the site. It has been changing unexpectedly and suddenly. This must be possibly become very confusing for the users (Baecker, 2014). The addition of the height and width attributes must be done to every image tags. The specification of those attributes must remain similar to the source image. CSS, could be used if further resizing of the image in the surfing browser is needed to be done (Carr, 2015). The site has given a lot of attention on the visual design. This has gained the trust of the audience. The color palette has been clear (Turk, 2014). The usage of the subtle shadows and gradients has provided the site with additional polish. The site appears with the parallax scrolling with the images and video galleries. As a result the visitors are able to view outstanding visual content. The texts have been formatted attractively to guide the imagery supporting the storytelling throughout. Every links has been well defined. This would help the search engine optimization and aid receptiveness. The site has used proper URLs or web addresses all over. This has been helpful for the usability, marketability and placement of the search engine. The organization and consistency of information: There has been 57 words each page in an average. The quantity of content on the site is displayed to relate with the search engine ranking. The quantity of text in the site is needed to be considered. If appropriate, it could be increased (Saini, 2015). The site has simply displayed the putting of things at unexpected locations. This might risk in unnoticing them by the users at the time of requirement. However, there has been no phenomenon of development of advertisements or any banner blindness while browsing the site. As anyone search for particular information in the site, he concentrates only on that parts of the pages where they think the relevant data to be present (Kim, 2015). This might be in the form of small text or hyperlinks. The framework that characterizes the human-computer interaction is cognitive. It is dominant in nature. The cognition has been that flows in human mind while carrying the daily activities. It refers to the method by which human beings are familiarized with things. In other words, it is the process to gain knowledge (Willett, 2014). It includes the remembering, reasoning, acquiring of skills and creation of new ideas, attending, understanding and being aware. The theoretical background of this method evolves out from the cognitive psychology. It helps to explain the way in which human beings are capable of achieving their desired success. The cognition is described in terms of some particular processes. They are: Perception and representation: Its task is to fetch how data has been acquired from the outside world. Then it is transformed into experiences. The inevitable implication of this has been to develop representations that were already perceivable. Examples of this include the legibility of texts and easy readability, distinction of icons and so on. For attention, the selections of objects to focus on the materials outside are meant at a particular moment of time. The focusing and division of attention has enables to become selective about the quantity of competing stimuli. However, it limits the ability of human beings to put up tracks for every event. The data in the admixture of human and computers is structured to hold back the attention of users. For example the usage of non-cognitive boundaries or windows, flashing lights, sound and reversing videos. The design implications for attention has been making the data salient when attention of it is needed. Using techniques which create things standing out like the animation, colouring, and spacing, sequencing and ordering are done. The cluttering of information is avoided (Saini, 2015). For example the simple design and crisp of google.com could be considered. It further avoids using more as the software allows that. The users have been developing the understanding of systems by using and learning it. The knowledge has been referred to as the mental model. The concerns have been to use the system and determine the next step. The steps to do with the unfamiliar or unexpected systems and situations are considered. The human beings create inferences by the mental models determining the way to execute tasks. Metaphor and conceptual model: It is a consistent and accurate portrayal of the destination system as controlled by the expert user or the designer. From the side of the designer, the requirement has been to impose impacts on the users model (Wiese Mcconnell, 2014). This is done to acquire the conceptual model, underpinning the aspects that are relevant to the system. This is accomplished by using language, tutorials, documentation, graphics and metaphor. This is significant as all those materials combine and relate with each other to encourage the similar model. The research on human-computer interaction is expanded further on its origin in the cognitive methods of the individual users. This is done to involve the organizational and social processes for usage of computers. It is done in the real environment. It is also done as the usage of computers with collaboration. The assessment of the knowledge of users comprises of the generic data that could be utilized for various reasons. The knowledge of any users expertise over a particular subject has been useful. This might be in any situation where communication with the user could be done. The interfaces adapt to the various users (Wiese Mcconnell, 2014). Particular user groups like the programmers and secretaries and the expert level should be adjusted by them. For example, the level of expertise in a specific group can be determined by a secretary who could be somehow familiar with a particular text processor. However, the adaptability has been recognized as a significant aspect and few systems possess the ability of adapting to the expertise and users level. Principles of graphic design: The constraining design concept refers to the determining the methods to restrict the user interaction. This could take place at any moment of time. There has been various ways to achieve this (Bestley Noble, 2016). One of such common practice of design in the GUI has been to deactivate specific menu options by blurring them. Thus the restriction of the human beings is done only within the permissible actions. The benefit of this type of constraining has been to prevent user from the selection of improper option. Thereby the refusal of the chances to make mistakes is done. The classified constraints normally contain three categories. They are the physical, logical and cultural (Lupton Phillips, 2015). The website has been review by the three users. The review has been done based on two aspects such as the information about the activities to be done in the Kakadu National Park and how to plan a trip through the website. The First User Review: The first user that has been selected is a friend. According to the user, the has a great color combination. The interface and functions of the home page is very impressive. The user also stated that booking passes for a trip is very easy. All the necessary hyperlinks were available in the page. The Second User Review: The second user is an old relative. According to the second user, the visual journey option really helped in assuming the amount of days needed to be spent in the park for trying all the activities. The activities to be done in the park are nicely described in the website with pictures of the places. Planning a journey was very easy as all the information was available at the site. The Third User Review: The third user is a colleague. As per the user review, the site is completely full of all the information required. The user did not need to search anything in other search engines for gathering more knowledge before planning a trip. The booking process is very simple. Conclusion: The official website of the Kakadu National Park must improve the performance of the site with improved site architecture and the navigation scheme. The cluttering of information could be avoided. For example the simple design and crisp of google.com could be considered.The primary aim of the human-computer interaction is to represent and make sense about the interaction between computers and human beings. This is done by considering the way in which knowledge has been transmitted between them. The inputting into the machine comprise of the sensed data about the material world. The good example of this could be given about the mouse that senses the movement across a plane. This is done in collaboration with the keyboard detecting the contact closure as the key is pressed by the user. The usage of different types of graphical representations also constrains interpretation of problems or the data space of any person. Let the example of the flow-chart diagram be taken. There the objects have been related constraining the path in which the data could be perceived. Recommendation: Padded Block Links in the Footer: In terms of increasing the usability, the designer can add padding or convert the link into block element. This will allow the users to click on the outside of the texts to access the links. It is useful for the elderly persons. Use of Color for Managing Attention: The designers can make use of the colors for putting the focus of the users into the particular sections of the texts. The designers can use the various color combinations in the activity pages as well as other pages. Navigation: The designer perhaps provide the option of booking the passes in the homepage. This will allow the users to save more time. On the other hand, the link to the booking page must be at menu of every page. Bibliography: Andersen, A. N., Humphrey, C., Braby, M. F. (2014, June). 4. Threatened invertebrates in Kakadu National Park. InKakadu National Park Symposia Series(p. 48). Baecker, R. M. (Ed.). (2014).Readings in Human-Computer Interaction: toward the year 2000. Morgan Kaufmann. Bestley, R., Noble, I. (2016).Visual Research: An Introduction to Research Methods in Graphic Design. Bloomsbury Publishing. Booth, P. (2014).An Introduction to Human-Computer Interaction (Psychology Revivals). Psychology Press. Carr, G. L. (2015). Website Review: Charles Darwins Beagle library. Hasan, H., Abdul-Kareem, S. (2014). Humancomputer interaction using vision-based hand gesture recognition systems: a survey.Neural Computing and Applications,25(2), 251-261. Hinckley, K., Jacob, R. J., Ware, C., Wobbrock, J. O., Wigdor, D. (2014). Input/Output Devices and Interaction Techniques. Kim, G. J. (2015).HumanComputer Interaction: Fundamentals and Practice. CRC Press. Ligman, J. W., Pistoia, M., Ponzo, J., Thomas, G. (2016).U.S. Patent No. 9,372,779. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Lupton, E., Phillips, J. C. (2015).Graphic Design: The New Basics: Revised and Expanded. Chronicle Books. Mller, A., Kranz, M., Diewald, S., Roalter, L., Huitl, R., Stockinger, T., ... Lindemann, P. A. (2014, April). Experimental evaluation of user interfaces for visual indoor navigation. InProceedings of the 32nd annual ACM conference on Human factors in computing systems(pp. 3607-3616). ACM. Saini, S. D. (2015). Website review: review of patient-oriented websites for colorectal cancer screening.Gastroenterology,148(3), 661-662. Turk, M. (2014). Multimodal interaction: A review.Pattern Recognition Letters,36, 189-195. Wiese, K., Mcconnell, D. A. (2014, December). Designing and Using Videos in Undergraduate Geoscience Education-a workshop and resource website review. InAGU Fall Meeting Abstracts(Vol. 1, p. 03). Willett, P. (2014). Open Folklore: project and website review.

Ap Psychology Fall Term Project Essays

Ap Psychology Fall Term Project Essays Ap Psychology Fall Term Project Essay Ap Psychology Fall Term Project Essay AP Psychology Fall Term Project Introduction I am more interested in the abstract and philosophical aspects rather than the more concrete biological aspects of psychology. The topic that interested me the most so far this year and the topic that I continued to research was the topic of morality. I didn’t have a specific question I wanted to address but as I read some articles about people who were institutionalized for violently expressing psychopathic personality traits, I came across an article that asked a question of its own. The article brought up the idea that traits of psychopathy including ruthlessness, charm, mindfulness, focus, fearlessness, and action can be beneficial to the individual. From this idea, the question I sought to answer was â€Å"If we all take on typically immoral psychopathic tendencies, are they no longer immoral? † Summary The article I read came from Scientific American adapted from the non-fiction book The Wisdom of Psychopaths: What Saints, Spies, and Serial Killers Can Teach Us about Success by Kevin Dutton. The main question posed by Dutton is: Can the typical traits of a psychopath benefit people at certain points in their lives? The article is more of an interview with some patients at Broadmoor, â€Å"the best-known high-security psychiatric hospital in England† and an observation rather than a study with measurements and variables. However, applying knowledge of Kohlberg, Brofenbrenner, and Gillian’s theories make the article even more interesting. In the article, Dutton discusses the inmates’ solutions to problems similar to that of the Heinz dilemma, psychopathy and the brain, and a relation to psychopathic traits to religion and happiness. If what he discusses were put into terms of variables, the independent variable could be expression of psychopathic traits and the dependent variable could be anything the traits effect from happiness to inner or universal morality. Discussion In the article, the ideas of the psychopaths can be looked at and evaluated using both Kohlberg and Brofenbrenner’s theories on moral development. In the article Dutton asks one of the inmates a hypothetical question. An old woman moves out of her house to live with her daughter and son-in-law. The house is in an up and coming neighborhood and she can get a good price if she sold it. The only problem is the tenant who doesn’t want to move out. How do you get the tenant to leave? The first thing the psychopath said was â€Å"I’m presuming we’re not talking violence here† indicating that psychopaths do have a sense of the Level II conventional morality described by Kohlberg. The psychopath recognizes that violence is typically punished and looked down upon by law and society, putting the psychopath into at least Stage 4 of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development. Essentially the psychopath solves the problem by saying that someone should pretend to be someone from the health department and tell the tenant that the house is not safe to live in and he must leave as soon as he can. He doesn’t explain his reasoning but most psychopaths are concerned with one thing only: getting the job done. However, the article doesn’t go into why or how the psychopath determined this was the best way to remove the tenant. If the psychopath figured the action would lead to reward (getting the tenant out) and that is the only consequence, he would be in Stage 1 of Kohlberg’s theory and orientation 1of Bronfenbrenner’s theory. On the other end of the spectrum, if the psychopath figured that if the house got sold and the old woman and her daughter and son-in-law could live comfortably, that the expulsion of the tenant (whether he became homeless or even finds another place to stay) would be the greatest good for the greatest number, putting him in Stage 5 of Kohlberg’s theory. This would be orientation 4 of Bronfenbrenner’s theory called objectively oriented morality in which the standing goals of the group override that of the individual. As the conversation continues, the discussion turns to worrying about the future affecting actions in the present. The psychopaths discuss the idea that there’s no use in getting your mind wrapped in what might happen when everything in the present is perfectly fine and that you shouldn’t let your brain get ahead of you. Do in the moment what makes you happy. Dutton describes this as mindfulness. Dutton brings up the fact that embracing the present is something that psychopathy and schools of spiritual enlightenment have in common. When it comes to psychology, Dutton brings up a â€Å"mindfulness-based cognitive-behavior therapy program for sufferers of anxiety and depression. † Surely, mindfulness and living in the present has its benefits but ignoring the future can produce dangerous consequences as well. Since some stages of morality are based on self satisfaction, others the law and religion, and further the good of society, I have answered my question â€Å"If we all take on typically immoral psychopathic tendencies, are hey no longer immoral? † The answer I came up with is, â€Å"it depends. † The reason â€Å"it depends† is because, well, it does. Anyone can have psychopathic traits of mindfulness, ruthlessness, action, charming, and fearlessness; it’s just about how we use them. Sure, Dutton suggests these traits can lead to happines s and success, but in the right amount and for the right reasons. What we consider the â€Å"right reasons† and â€Å"right amount† is also based on our own levels of morality. If everyone was charming, fearless, ruthless, and mindful, we would all be doing what we could to get ahead and be happy. If doing what is necessary to be happy and get ahead became a universally moral idea, then sure, there wouldn’t be a problem with psychopaths, liars, and cheaters. But in the world in which we live, where we all have our own different ideas of good and bad with exceptions and loopholes included, under the â€Å"right† circumstances, these traits are acceptable and useful, but at the â€Å"wrong† times they can be damaging and violating. Should we all just become psychopaths? I guess it just depends. Citation Dutton, K. (2013, January). Wisdom from Psychopaths? [Electronic version]. Scientific American.

Free Essays on Tim Obrien

Tim O’Brien â€Å"†¦The literal truth is ultimately, to me, irrelevant. What matters to me is the heart-truth. I’m going to die, you’re all going to die; the earth is going to flame out when the sun goes. We all know the facts. The truth – I mean, does it matter what the real Hamlet was like, or the real Ulysses – does it matter? Well, I don’t think so. In the fundamental human way, the ways we think about in our dream-lives, and our moral lives, and our spiritual lives, what matters is what happens in our hearts. A good lie, if nobly told, for good reason, seems to me preferable to a very boring and pedestrian truth, which can lie, too.† -Tim O’Brien 1999 Tim O’Brien manipulates the reader’s customary understanding Tim by giving the narrator of â€Å"The Things They Carried† his own name and many of his own biographical details (date of birth, military record, and so on) while simultaneously stressing, throughout the narrative, that all the characters (including the narrator) are fictional and all the stories (including those in which the narrator takes part) are invented. It could be said that, in â€Å"The Things They Carried†, everything is true but nothing is authentic (Wharton). O’Brien’s readers have experienced immense difficulty when trying to get to grips with the slippery nature of the so called â€Å"authenticity† (or in fact the inauthenticity†) of O’Brien’s writing. Of all the devices used to blur the boundaries between truth and fiction, the books narrator seems to present the most difficulties for the reader. To understand O’Brien’s writing, it seems to be essential to make a clear distinction between Tim O’Brien the fictitious narrator (â€Å"The I-narrator) and Tim O’Brien the real, living author (â€Å"Tim O’Brien† or â€Å"O’Brien†). Tim O’Brien is an author still living and writing. He was born in 1946, in a small town in Minnesota (Gale Group, 1999). After graduating... Free Essays on Tim Obrien Free Essays on Tim Obrien Tim O’Brien â€Å"†¦The literal truth is ultimately, to me, irrelevant. What matters to me is the heart-truth. I’m going to die, you’re all going to die; the earth is going to flame out when the sun goes. We all know the facts. The truth – I mean, does it matter what the real Hamlet was like, or the real Ulysses – does it matter? Well, I don’t think so. In the fundamental human way, the ways we think about in our dream-lives, and our moral lives, and our spiritual lives, what matters is what happens in our hearts. A good lie, if nobly told, for good reason, seems to me preferable to a very boring and pedestrian truth, which can lie, too.† -Tim O’Brien 1999 Tim O’Brien manipulates the reader’s customary understanding Tim by giving the narrator of â€Å"The Things They Carried† his own name and many of his own biographical details (date of birth, military record, and so on) while simultaneously stressing, throughout the narrative, that all the characters (including the narrator) are fictional and all the stories (including those in which the narrator takes part) are invented. It could be said that, in â€Å"The Things They Carried†, everything is true but nothing is authentic (Wharton). O’Brien’s readers have experienced immense difficulty when trying to get to grips with the slippery nature of the so called â€Å"authenticity† (or in fact the inauthenticity†) of O’Brien’s writing. Of all the devices used to blur the boundaries between truth and fiction, the books narrator seems to present the most difficulties for the reader. To understand O’Brien’s writing, it seems to be essential to make a clear distinction between Tim O’Brien the fictitious narrator (â€Å"The I-narrator) and Tim O’Brien the real, living author (â€Å"Tim O’Brien† or â€Å"O’Brien†). Tim O’Brien is an author still living and writing. He was born in 1946, in a small town in Minnesota (Gale Group, 1999). After graduating...

Poetry analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Poetry analysis - Essay Example ot return his affections, the early death of his mother and the death of a second person close to him leading to the development of â€Å"A Shropshire Lad†, â€Å"a collection of sixty-three poems addressing the themes of unrequited love, the oblivion of death, and idealized military life† that carefully navigated around any issues of homosexuality. In addition, he is surprisingly consistent in his writing, showing nearly identical themes, forms and language usage in â€Å"Last Poems† as were used in â€Å"A Shropshire Lad.† However, his â€Å"open investigations of the mysteries of death and the dual nature of humankind have earned him acknowledgment as a precursor to the development of modern poetry† (â€Å"A.E. Housman†, 2006). These attitudes about death can be most understood as they are expressed in the poems â€Å"To An Athlete Dying Young,† â€Å"When I Was One and Twenty,† â€Å"With Rue My Heart is Laden† and â €Å"Is My Team Ploughing?† In â€Å"To An Athlete Dying Young†, Housman demonstrates a sensitive honor for the man who dies in his prime, invoking a powerful sense of regretful comprehension regarding the wisdom of dying young. He begins the poem with a nostalgic look back at the happy crowd carrying the star athlete around on a chair, everyone celebrating and having a good time. This nostalgia is established by the wistful â€Å"The time you won† (1) that immediately invokes a fog of memory around the edges of the scene described. The hero’s way is carefully invoked in the lines â€Å"Man and boy stood cheering by, / And home we brought you shoulder-high† (3-4) to be carefully juxtaposed against the same phrase in the second stanza: â€Å"Shoulder-high we bring you home, / And set you at your threshold down† (6-7). With only this slight change in language, Housman makes it clear that this is no longer a cheering crowd, they are not celebrating and, by distinguishing his fri end as â€Å"Townsman of a stiller town† (8), he makes it obvious that this is a

Discussion question Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion question - Term Paper Example (Marshall 15) The devastation to other species of animals and plants through the additional use of land to grow more food will be irreplaceable. We could potentially lose several additional species of animals through the deforestation necessary to use land versus simply advancing our technological approaches. However, the new technology including gene manipulation is cause for alarm due to the potential side effects it brings with it. Another concern is the ethical issues surrounding the patenting of genes, this could potentially lead to major corporations owning humans bodies through the patent on the gene they may carry. One filmmaker spoke regarding this in 2004, she had originally made the film to look at pesticide use, and however, due to her research she became quite alarmed over the genetic manipulations being done by Monsanto Corporation. She called for additional supervision in this area as well as testing before using it in the general market. (Bertino 4) Much of the newer technology has been tested for an adequate length of time to see if negative effects may exist. Some researchers are looking for ways to potentially slow the growth of the human race and even place it at a standstill for a short time. Given the alternatives this may be an appropriate approach as well.

Patterns of Oppression and the Role of Tackling Oppression in the Soci Essay

Patterns of Oppression and the Role of Tackling Oppression in the Society - Essay Example It is a social responsibility to oversee the growth, education, community development and the well-being of every child and youth all over the world without any kind of discrimination. (Cameron C. and Moss P. 2011). In the nineteenth century, the community had divided themselves where a certain group of people were seen as pedagogues who were usually slaves to the people of higher statuses in the community. They were seen as people with no rights at all and most of them got little or no education at all. They were also mistreated and they lived in deplorable living conditions (Chapman, and Hobbel, 2010). The fight for these peoples’ rights has been fought by numerous numbers of individuals since time immemorial. This study will be analysing the writings of Alinsky and Freire regarding the patterns of oppression in the society and the role of education in tackling social pedagogy. Paulo Freire, a professor born in Brazil also came up with topics concerning liberation. He authored a number of books. His first book was the education as the practice of freedom that was inspired by an experiment he had performed on workers who were taught to read and write in just 45 days (Jackson, 2007:199-213). He later wrote the infamous â€Å"pedagogy of the oppressed†. In the book, he explained the importance of education in the society. And also he thought that the only way the community could ease the oppression and human suffering was through education. This means that for a section of society to be free, education is a key factor in the struggle against oppression (Beck, and Purcell, 2010). Freire mostly focused on the educational process where he termed education as â€Å"never neutral† in that knowledge could be passed indiscriminately from one person to the other whether young or old. He believed that by doing so, people could change the community they lived in and beyond (Jackson S. 2007: 199-213).  Ã‚  

Learning Outcomes Assessment for Student Nurse

Learning Outcomes Assessment for Student Nurse Learning Outcome 1 – Pre-assessment The ultimate goal of the pre-assessment is to assure that those patients identified as suitable for day surgery are properly identified while those considered unsuitable for a selected procedure are identified early enough in the process to allow for other treatment options (National Health Services, n.d.a, p. 13). Although ultimately it is a joint decision between the surgeon and anaesthetist who make the final determination (National Health Services, n.d.b), the nurse plays a vital role in the process and should be involved in the selection criteria (Royal College of Nursing 2004, p. 1). Pre-assessments of patients scheduled for day surgery are usually performed by an outreach nurse from a day surgery centre, by telephone screening, or by questionnaire (National Health Services, n.d.a, p. 9) or via appointments with day surgery staff or in specialized pre-admission clinics (Joanna Briggs Institute 2004, p.2). Many institutions are combining pre-assessment interviews with the opportunity to work with the patient in a preoperative education status in order to decrease patient anxiety, assess the needs of the patient and/or family members and to personalise information (Joanna Briggs Institute 2004, p.2). The National Health Services (n.d.a, p. 11) states this is an effective opportunity to also discuss the surgical procedure in greater detail with the patient, note special requirements for admission, surgery and/or discharge and allow the patient to choose their own date for surgery, finalizing and/or setting the appointment. According to the Royal College of Nurses (2004, p. 3), nurses performing the pre-assessments must have the option of being able to contact the anaesthesiologist of surgeon if a problem is identified that could potentially increase the risk during anaesthetic or surgical intervention.† This is critical; otherwise, there is no apparent reason for the assessment if the nurse cannot raise her concerns. The National Health Services (n.d.a, p. 9) day surgery guidelines state pre-assessments performed as soon as possible following the surgical consultation can allow for treatment of underlying physical issues that might preclude them from the day surgery procedure, such as high blood pressure and/or arrange for home care. If this is not possible, the National Health Services (n.d.a., p. 13) recommends that patients should then complete a â€Å"health-screening questionnaire before leaving the outpatient department.† According to the National Health Services (n.d.a., p. 11), incorporating the pre-assessment step in the day surgery process has been shown to reduce surgical cancellations and increase communication across the multidisciplinary team. Based on research, it is important to note that the day surgery pre-assessment is a valuable tool that can help the patient, the perioperative and surgical nursing teams as well as surgeons and anaesthesiologists. The pre-assessment is a way of initiating a comprehensive set of documentation for the entire team. Learning Outcome 2 – Effective communication According to the Joanna Briggs Institute (2004, p. 4), caseload can determine the staffing mix required. The staffing mix for a day surgery centre, however, can vary from a group of individuals who work together on a regular basis such as the case in a specialized clinic setting to a group of individuals who rely on departmental shift staffing for perioperative nurses and surgical residents in a busy teaching hospital. No matter what the group mix is, however, the need for communication is critical to patient care in all settings, especially surgical, where according to Cowen et al. (2005) communication is especially challenging for workers in environments that are high stress and time sensitive. Vazirani et al. (2003, p. 72) states that improving the level of collaboration, not just communication, can enhance job satisfaction among medical professionals while increasing the quality of care and patient satisfaction. While traditional communication techniques such as â€Å"active listening, positive voice tone, [and] reiteration to confirm understanding† are desirable goals, in the surgical setting other barriers often compound communication problems, including status and posturing between doctors versus the communication found between doctors and nurses or nurses and nurse practitioners. Vazirani et al. (2003, p. 72) discuss the care nurse practitioners took â€Å"not to violate the autonomy of residents or interns [and] did not admit patients on their own or write orders without the consent of a resident or an intern.† Essential to a multidisciplinary team is the need for collaboration, where decision-making is a shared event for doctors and nurses and that open communication between the two professionals exists (Vazirani et al. 2003, p. 73). It is important to note that research demonstrates physicians view collaboration differently than nurses, such that physicians believe collaboration implies â€Å"cooperation with follow-through† pertaining to following orders rather than sharing in the decision making process (Vazirani et al. 2003, p. 75). Vazirani et al. (2003, p. 76) also cited nurses as not being provided timely or accurate information regarding patient information when physicians autonomously make a change in their normal protocol, stating nurses need the information most as they are the ones at the patient’s bedside. Communication is a commonly sited problem and is one that, despite all the best suggestions and recommendations, from outlining roles and responsibilities, collaborating as a team or mutual team members each afforded appropriate professional respect (Vazirani et al. 2003) to developing Integrated Care Pathways (ICPs) as outlined by Fisher and McMillan (2004) is difficult to remedy. Ultimately, human emotions and professional pride create unnecessary friction that discourages open communication for fear of reprisal. Cowen et al. (2005) emphasize the need for an accurate flow of information between various disciplines as the most critical aspect in order to assure patient safety. Learning Outcome 3 – Patient selection criteria Patient selection criteria primarily focus on three primary factors: surgical, medical and social (National Health Services, n.d.a, p.11; National Health Services, n.d.b.). Surgical criteria assess whether the procedure will leave the patient dependent on others and/or if it has a statistically significant postoperative morbidity level. The National Health Service (n.d.b.) states that the surgical procedure should take less than 1 hour, involve minimal blood loss, be unlikely to produce severe post surgical pain or nausea and be unlikely to result in a loss of physical independence. When assessing social appropriateness, according to the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland (cited by Joanna Briggs Institute 2004, p. 2), the pre-screening interview is an opportunity to assess the patient’s willingness to have surgery, the certainty of adult care in the home following surgery, telephone access and taking into consideration the patient’s home situation. For example, are there several young children and toddlers or infants at home requiring constant care; is the only adult available to help the patient an elderly or frail individual, or has the patient stated they feel they are being pressured into having the surgery. These are all reasons that should be presented to the surgeon, anaesthesiologist and the rest of the multidisciplinary team as reasons the patient should be precluded from day surgery. Additionally, patients with a social history of significant levels of alcohol consumption and/or who smoke are indications of potentia l preclusion or the need for additional counselling prior to surgery (National Health Service n.d.b.). The Royal of College of Nurses (2004) also states that the patient must have the availability of an escort home following surgery and that the travel time home must be within one and a half hours; and if small children are present in the home that a caregiver is available specifically to tend to the children. Medically, it is important to assess cardiac fitness, assurance of height/weight appropriateness and if they are â€Å"physiologically under 70 years of age[1].† Exclusions are usually automatic if there is uncontrolled hypertension, recent history of cardiac failure, pregnancy, angina, asthma, diabetes or epilepsy. Additional issues that require notification of the appropriate medical personnel include prior difficulties with anaesthesia or current medications that would either preclude day surgery or require either a modification and/or temporary cessation of the pharmaceutical agent, particularly warfarin. The American Society of Anaesthesiologists’ (ASA) (cited by The Royal College of Nursing 2004) uses three classifications to assess physical status: Class 1: patient is mentally and physically fit and the surgical procedure is localized without systemic disruption, for example, removal of a uterine fibroid in an otherwise healthy female or the repair of an inguinal hernia in a healthy individual. Class 2: patient suffers from mild to moderate systemic pathology that is either caused by the pathology to be treated by the day surgery or by other pathology, for example anaemia or mild diabetes or slightly limiting organic heart disease. Class 3: patient suffers from a severe mental or physical disorder from whatever cause, such as angina pectoris, moderate to severe levels of pulmonary insufficiency, vascular complications from severe diabetes or significantly limiting heart disease. Criteria used for patient evaluation and assurance of fitness for day surgery as outlined above are focused primarily on the suitability for general anaesthesia without complication. It is essential however, to couple both the individual patient status as provided by the pre-assessment with the type of surgical intervention proposed. The medical professional cannot use the same set of pre-assessment criteria for all patients for all procedures; they must simply be a guide. For example, physiological trauma, anaesthetic requirements and post-operative pain are different for those having arthroscopy as opposed to a laparoscopic cholecystectomy or partial thyroidectomy. All three are considered day surgical procedures by the Royal College of Nurses (2004, p. 2). Patient selection criteria are important for nurses to understand from many aspects. The nurse has to understand the physician’s reason for suggesting day surgery for their patient, she needs to understand the surgeon’s belief in appropriateness and she has to understand the potential risks that are often overlooked by physicians and surgeons that now become her responsibility to ascertain. Although it is often a delicate position for the nurse to be in, it is essential that she bring to the surgeon or anaesthesiologist’s attention any patient not appropriate for day surgery. This is an issue of legal liability for all professions on the multidisciplinary team and for the clinic or hospital as well as one of ethical concerns for the patient’s overall care and wellbeing. Learning Outcome 4 – Pain management According to Lipp and Yap (2005, p. 64) prior to 2003, the responsibility for post-surgical pain was the sole responsibility of the anaesthesiologist and no routine or regular pain assessments were conducted. In 2003, pain management assessments and the nursing role in pain management in the day surgery setting became the standard. The Royal College of Anaesthetists (as cited by Lipp Yap 2005, p. 64) tell us that following a day surgical procedure, less than five percent of all patients should experience severe pain while up to 85 percent will have mild or no pain following surgery. Beauregard et al. (1998, p. 309) believes that it is not unusual for pain to persist during the entire week following surgery, but that the best predictor of significant post-surgical pain following hospital discharge was inadequate pain control during the first few hours of following surgery. Research has acknowledged that the longer an individual is experiencing pain that is not attended to or interrup ted in some way, the more sensitive to painful stimuli the patient becomes (Mukherji Rudra 2006, p. 355). Ultimately, the goal of effective post-surgical pain management is to be â€Å"safe and effective, produce minimal side effects such as nausea. It was stated that the criteria for patient selection should be individualized based on patient status and type of surgery. Similarly, Mukherji and Rudra (2006, p. 355) state that patients should be identified as potentially at risk based on â€Å"age, physical status, presence of pre-existing pain, site and extent of surgery.† Additionally, researchers believe that the amount of postoperative pain a patient experiences is also a factor of the surgeon and surgical techniques used ( Mukherji Rudra 2006, p. 356; Chung et al. cited by Beauregard et al. 1998, p. 305). Mukherji and Rudra (2006, p. 355) discuss several pain assessment tools: the visual analogue scale (VAS) where pain is rated along a continuum from â€Å"no pain at all to the worst pain imaginable† and the Oucher’s scale for children. Many patients themselves downplay post-surgical pain for reasons ranging from believing that pain is part of the natural recovery process and what they are experiencing is normal (Beauregard et al. 1998, p. 209). Post-operative pain management can take different forms, including pre-emptive analgesia and prophylactic analgesia (Mukherji Rudra 2006, p. 356). There are also pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic pain management interventions. Pharmacological interventions can be opioid or non-opioids. Opioids are centrally acting and systemic in nature whereas non-opioids are also centrally acting but have a peripheral mode of action, and include codeine, metamizol, paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDS) (Mukherji Rudra 2006, p. 356). Another problem cited by the Joanna Briggs Institute (2004) is that of inadequate pain management techniques and/or follow-through by the patient place additional burdens on family caretakers and the community at large. For example, Girgis and Sanders (2004, p. 66) tell us that parents generally underestimate and under treat pain; this can be extrapolated to caregivers in the adult community as well. Home caregivers failing to recognize and/or intervene in pain management is often problematic and it is the responsibility of the nurse to assure that proper discharge information is adequately communicated to the patient and/or caregiver/escort, including proper pain management techniques and interventions. To assure there is no confusion, these should be clearly documented and reviewed with the patient and caregiver verbally. References Beauregard, L., Pomp, A. Choiniere, M., 1998. Severity and impact of pain after day surgery. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia, 45 (4), pp. 304-311. Fisher, A. McMillan, R., 2004. Integrated care pathways for day surgery patients. British Association of Day Surgery [Online]. Available from: http://www.bads.co.uk/pdf%20files/IntegratedCarePathways.pdf [cited March 17, 2007]. Girgis, M. Sanders, D. 2004. Are we giving our children the right dose? The Journal of One-Day Surgery, 14 (3), pp. 65-68. Joanna Briggs Institute, 2004. Management of the day surgery patient [Online]. Joanna Briggs Institute Best Practices. Available from: http://www.adsna.info/attachments/BPISSup.2004.pdf [cited March 17, 2007]. Lipp, A. Yap, H, 2005. Is our pain relief protocol effective? The Journal of One-Day Surgery, 15 (3), pp. 64-66. Mukherji, S. Rudra, A., 2006. Postoperative pain relief for ambulatory surgery. Indian Journal of Anaesthesia, 50 (5), pp. 355-362. National Health Services, n.d.a. Day surgery pre-assessment: A brief guide [Online]. Available from www.wise.nhs.uk/surgery/NationalGoodPractice/downloads/14/14d4.doc [cited March 17, 2007]. National Health Services, n.d.b. Day surgery: A good practice guide [Online]. Available from: http://www.wise.nhs.uk/sites/crosscutting/access/Access%20Document%20Library/1/Day%20Surgery/Day%20Surgery%20Guide.pdf [cited March 17, 2007] Royal College of Nursing, 2004. Day surgery information: Selection criteria and suitable procedures [Online]. Available from: http://rcn.org.uk/publications/pdf/daysurgery_selection.pdf [cited March 17, 2007]. Society of Critical Care Medicine, 2005. Tools for effective communication [Online]. Society of Critical Care Medicine. Available from: http://www.sccm.org/SCCM/Publications/Critical+Communications/Archive/February+2005/communicationsfeb05.htm [cited March 17, 2007]. Vazirani, S., Hays, R. D., Shapiro, M. F. Cowan, M., 2005. Effect of a multidisciplinary intervention on communication and collaboration among physicians and nurses. American Journal of Critical Care, 14 (1), pp. 71 – 77. 1 Footnotes [1] According to the National Health Service (n.d.b), the phrase refers to a patient who is â€Å"independent, active and compos mentis.†

US Immigration Policy Before and After September 11 Essay -- Septembe

America is home to a plethora of nationalities, cultures, religions and practices. The reason for this richness in different backgrounds is that since the day it was discovered by outsiders, the United States has always been open to immigrants. The Statue of Liberty, one of America’s greatest attractions, symbolizes America’s open arms to immigrants. So when America’s own symbol of freedom to immigrants stood in the waters and watched the catastrophe unravel the placidness of her surroundings by outsiders, it was a direct blow to not only the United States’ immigration policy, but also to the United States’ national security. On that unforgettable day, September 11, the United States, the world’s most richest and powerful nation, discovered the hard way that even money and power could not annihilate vulnerability. After September 11 Americans wanted to feel safe again in their own home so the United States restricted its immigration poli cy to help prevent terrorists from entering the country. The US government, however, kept economics in mind when altering the policy. The new immigration policy includes unfair procedures for certain countries. The result is a more restricted immigration policy, with major loopholes for countries that benefit the US economy. The US immigration policy before September 11 was very lax, partly because the Immigration and Naturalization Services (INS) was under funded. Whenever immigrants were cited a deportation, INS could not follow up on many of these immigrants who usually remained in the country. Because it could not operate as if should due to lack of money, it is easier to understand that almost all of the alleged terrorists involved in the September 11 attacks obtained a US vis... ...partment’s own inspector general released a report that confirmed charges made by civil right groups when it was reported that the roundup of immigrants would produce huge problems. There is no clear cut, one solution to the US’s immigration problems. America must maintain safety for its citizens, but it is hard to adopt a strict immigration policy when America is deeply dependent on immigrants, especially migrant labor. Until the US lessens its great dependency on immigrant labor, the US will continue to be vulnerable to terrorists’ attacks. Bibliography Atkin, Beth S. Voices From The Fields. Little, Brown & Company. 1993. Gonzales, Camille Guerin. Mexican Workers and American Dreams: Immigration, repatriation, and California Farm Labor, 1900-1939. Wright, Dale. They Harvest Despair: The Migrant Farm Worker. Boston: Beacon Press, 1965.

How does Gaskell use setting and location to reveal the character of her heroine, Margaret Hale?

The final title of her novel ‘North and South', suggests the important role setting and location play in Gaskell's story of Margaret Hale and her relationship with Milton mill-owner John Thornton. During the course of the novel, we see Margaret settled in three locations; Harley Street, Helstone and Milton. Each of these settings represents a different social stratum and we see Margaret develop in her perception and attitude towards each of them. They all contribute, in some way, to making Margaret the girl that she is at the end of the novel. The book opens in Harley Street, where we are presented with the character of Edith. Edith's role in the novel is to act as a contrast to Margaret or ‘control sample'. Through her, we can see what Margaret's life would have been like had she accepted Lennox. Edith is the model Victorian woman and she fits in perfectly with her Harley Street surroundings, but Margaret is far more independent, strong-minded and unconventional. When having her lover describe her future life in Corfu, â€Å"the very parts which made Margaret glow as she listened, Edith pretended to shiver and shudder at†¦ because anything of a gipsy or make-shift life was really distasteful to her. Margaret, on the other hand appears to be ill at ease with the superficial attitudes and concerns of those around her. As she tells her mother; â€Å"I think what you call the makeshift contrivances at dear Helstone were a charming part of the life there†. Margaret has no pretensions and this dislike of the superficial relationships is particularly evident in her description of her aunt's view of her â€Å"neighbours whom Mrs Shaw called friends, because she happened to dine with them more frequently than with any other people, and because if she or Edith wanted anything from them, or they from her, they did not scruple to make a call at each other's houses before luncheon†. This relationship contrasts with her experiences in Milton were the term ‘neighbours' is applied to people such as Higgins and his daughters; a far more personal and sincere relationship. The opening scenes also provide the reader with an explanation of Margaret's position in Aunt Shaw's house. It is shown to be a warm and affectionate household with her â€Å"gentle aunt and dear cousin†, but Margaret's position within it was that of ‘poor cousin' and companion to Edith. Margaret's proud character and regard for social stature is clear from her eager â€Å"delight of filling the important post of only daughter in Helstone parsonage†. This perception of class and positions in society is one that shapes many of her dislikes of Milton and its inhabitants and is one that she must eventually overcome. The title of chapter two, â€Å"Roses and Thorns† has significance in that is shows the contrast between the life Margaret expects at Helstone, surrounded by roses and the outdoors, and the â€Å"thorns† in her life that she hadn't expected. It shows how beneath the idyll of her memories of Helstone, lie problems waiting to cause pain. Margaret feels that she belongs in Helstone where â€Å"its people were her people†. As an example of this, she â€Å"learned and delighted in using their particular words†. However, she is later to acquire the language of the people in Milton, showing her adaptability and also how she ‘belongs' in Milton to the same extent as she does in Helstone. Margaret is aware that â€Å"one had need to learn a different language and measure by a different standard up here in Milton†. The embracing of the local dialect by a middle-class girl is highly unusual in novels, showing the unconventional, clever and independent mind that Margaret possesses. Her return to Helstone and her â€Å"keen enjoyment of every sensuous pleasure† shows how Margaret is a sensuous woman, greatly appreciative of the outdoors. The loss of the countryside and the geographical differences between Milton and Helstone are perceived greatly by Margaret. In Helstone, Margaret walks â€Å"out on the broad commons into the warm scented light, seeing multitudes of wild, free, living creatures, revelling in the sunshine, and the herbs and flowers it called forth† whereas â€Å"at Milton the chimneys smoked, the ceaseless roar and mighty beat, and dizzying whirl of machinery, struggled and strove perpetually. Senseless and purposeless were wood and iron and steam in their endless labours†. The difference in the environments is emphasised through Gaskell's use of language and tools such as alliteration. Margaret shows her attitude to social class on her first arriving at Helstone, to have been shaped by her childhood in the fashionable Harley Street. She conforms to the conventional perception that a man's status as a gentleman is reliant on birth, property and an appropriate (or no) occupation. This topic is one that is discussed at length with Mr Thornton and we see that Milton, and her acquaintance with Thornton, changes Margaret's opinion on this. Thornton believes that â€Å"†gentleman† is a term that only describes a person in his relation to others†, whereas the term â€Å"a man† comprehends more, a person not merely considered â€Å"with regard to his fellow-me, but in relation to himself†. It is one of the many prejudices concerning class relations that Margaret must overcome before she can be happily united with Thornton. Although she declares that â€Å"I am not standing up for [the cotton spinners] any more than for any other trades-people†, she is later to stand up for both the masters through Thornton and the workers through Higgins. The change in Margaret is forced upon her through her change in situation and circumstance. The frailties and failings in Mr Hale's character can be seen in his being unable to tell his wife of his change of conscience and their subsequent more to Milton-Northern. This means that greater responsibility is placed on Margaret's shoulders, but her strength of character shines through because although she â€Å"did dislike it, did shrink from it more than from anything she had ever had to do in her life before† she then manages to â€Å"conquer herself†. This is something that Mr Hale is unable to do. The area the Hales move into in Milton is cleverly named, Crampton. Like Dickens in ‘Hard Times', Gaskell uses the names of places to suggest their nature. Edith's letters from Corfu provide not only the reader, but Margaret also, with a constant reminder as to what her life could have been like. The first letter from Edith tells of her arrival and is received on the day of Margaret's own arrival in Milton. The lively and gay description of their happy days in Corfu provides a stark contrast between the dark, chaotic and cramped life in Milton. The lives of the two young cousins have diverged completely. At this point in the novel, Margaret would have preferred Edith's life, but later on we see that she would not have been content with such a life. Margaret's humanitarian interest is awakened in her through her life in Milton. She provides a counter-argument to that of J. S. Mill and those of the utilitarian movement such as Gradgrind in ‘Hard Times'. She sees a smaller section of Milton society and was â€Å"thrown in with one or two of those who, in all measures affecting masses of people, must be acute sufferers for the good of many†. She, like Dickens' Sissy Jupe sees the cost in terms of human suffering, her concern is for the individual. Margaret is interested in people and it is through her acquaintance with Higgins and his family that Milton â€Å"became a brighter place†¦ in it she had found a human interest†. She does not like to hear the mill workers referred to as â€Å"Hands†. This is an issue discussed also in ‘Hard Times' but it reflects on her interests in the individual in society. Referring to a whole class of people by the same generic term, removes the personal contact and identity of the workers. They no longer have â€Å"independence of character†. As we hear of Frederick and his story, we see how and why Margaret looks up to him. Her creed in life is that; â€Å"Loyalty and obedience to wisdom and justice are fine; but it is still finer to defy arbitrary power, unjustly and cruelly used – not on behalf of ourselves, but on behalf of others more helpless†. This is what Frederick did. She sees his crime as elevated through his motives to a â€Å"heroic protection of the weak†. This concords with her great interest in humanity. When she saves Thornton from the mob at the mill, â€Å"she did it because it was right, and simple, and true to save where she could save†. Margaret, coming fresh to the industrial troubles in Milton, provides a new outlook on the problems. Although she is biased in that she considers the south a lot less hostile and full of suffering, she can see â€Å"two classes dependant on each other in every possible way, yet each evidently regarding the interests of the other as opposed to their own†. She correctly identifies communication as being the root of a lot of their problems and endeavours to improve this. Margaret's relationship with Dixon shows her capacity to love fiercely. It also highlights her perception of her position in the household and her willingness to take on all the responsibilities of nursing her mother. Mrs Hale's fatal illness brings Dixon and Margaret together in sympathy and support for one another. Through Mrs Thornton's scathing opinion of Margaret and her condescending attitude to her surroundings, we see others' perception of Margaret's breeding and social awareness. Although her opinions as regards her surroundings change gradually during her time in Milton, Mrs Thornton never credits her with this. Bessy too is surprised that Margaret is associating with the â€Å"first folk in Milton†. More particularly because it is unusual that someone of Margaret's middle class breeding visits both the masters and the men, thus straddling the two very distinct classes in the industrial town. Margaret finds this hard to come to terms with when she is invited to dine at the Thornton's, where she is expected to â€Å"dress up in my finery, and go off and away to smart parties, after the sorrow I have seen today†. Margaret, with all the sorrow and hardship she has to bear, has all the propensity to become a martyr. Many a self-sacrificing heroine has had her true character poorly developed throughout the history of the novel. Despite this, Margaret is not a martyr, she is a much more three-dimensional character. While she bears the responsibility and pain of her life and family troubles, â€Å"her whole life just now was a strain upon her fortitude†. She doesn't deny the hardship and must struggle against complaining. This makes her a much more ‘real' and enjoyable character. In her darkest times in Milton, she still looks back to Helstone as the â€Å"sunny times of old†, showing that her character has not yet completed its journey. In the wake of her mother's death, we see Margaret beginning to redress her prejudices regarding trades people; â€Å"her cheeks burnt as she recollected how proudly she had implied an objection to trade (in the early days of their acquaintance)† This is also a sign of her growing feelings for Thornton, which she is yet to admit to herself. When Higgins visits, he is asked upstairs; something which astonishes Dixon, as â€Å"folk at Helstone were never brought higher than the kitchen†. During their time in Milton, class distinctions as perceived by the Hales have weakened. The change in Margaret is also shown through her beginning to address the poor in the south with a more objective attitude. Margaret's view of trades people goes full circle when her brother goes into trade in Spain and she reflects on her â€Å"old tirades against trade†. Not only does her perception of trade go full circle, but also in her returning to London, her lifestyle does likewise. Her London life no longer satisfies her and she fears becoming â€Å"sleepily deadened into forgetfulness†. The pace of life in London is very different from the bustle of Milton and she finds that it is the commotion and excitement of the industrial town that she prefers. Leaving it has left a â€Å"strange unsatisfied vacuum in Margaret's heart†. She also longs for contact with other classes such as she experienced while in Milton. On returning to Helstone, Margaret comes with the view that she was returning ‘home', but she finds that little things have changed and moved on and Helstone will never be the place it once was. It is this realisation of the changes that â€Å"carry us on imperceptibly from childhood to youth and thence through manhood to age, whence we drop†¦ into the quiet mother earth† that allows Margaret to make a break with Helstone and all the memories attached to it. She is able to come to terms with it as her past and remember it solely as such. Mr Lennox comments that Margaret returns at the end of the novel to the â€Å"Margaret Hale of Helstone†, but he is wrong; she is quite a different woman to the now. Thornton too fails to see that it was her time in Milton that made Margaret the independent woman she is at the end of the novel, describing Helstone as â€Å"the place where Margaret grew to be what she is†. Margaret's character is shaped not only by her young childhood in Harley Street, her summers in Helstone, but also her young womanhood in Milton. It is probably the latter that had the most substantial impact on her, causing her to see both Harley Street and Helstone through different eyes on her return. Ultimately, she chooses the life and spirit and vigour of Milton over the laziness of London, through her choice of Thornton over Mr Lennox as a husband. The vast differences in the scenery and setting over the course of the novel reflect Margaret's attitude and her changing opinions regarding herself and those around her. The changes she undergoes in Milton are highlighted by her return to the familiar scenes of Helstone and Harley Street, her new attitude to them and the people connected with them.

Complements in English Grammar

Complements in English Grammar In grammar, a complement is a word or word group that completes the predicate in a sentence. In contrast to modifiers, which are optional, complements are required to complete the meaning of a sentence or a part of a sentence. Below youll find discussions of two common types of complements: subject complements (which follow the verb be and other linking verbs) and object complements (which follow a direct object). But as David Crystal has observed, the domain of complementation remains an unclear area in linguistic analysis, and there are several unresolved issues (Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 2011). Subject complements My uniform is torn and dirty.My uniform is a T-shirt and jeans.Imagination is the one weapon in the war against reality.(Jules de Gaultier)Love is an exploding cigar we willingly smoke.(Lynda Barry) Object complements Jimmys teacher called him a troublemaker.The teachers remark made me angry.The widow she cried over me, and called me a poor lost lamb, and she called me a lot of other names, too.(Mark Twain,  Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, 1885) Subject Complements Subject complements rename or describe the subjects of sentences. In other words, they complement the subjects.Many of these complements are nouns, pronouns, or other nominals that rename or provide additional information about the subject of the sentence. They always follow linking verbs. A less contemporary term for a noun, pronoun, or other nominal used as a subject complement is predicate nominative. He is the boss.Nancy is the winner.This is she.My friends are they. In the first example, the subject complement boss explains the subject he. It tells what he is. In the second example, the subject complement winner explains the subject Nancy. It tells what Nancy is. In the third example, the subject complement she renames the subject this. It tells who this is. In the final example, the subject complement they identifies the subject friends. It tells who the friends are.Other subject complements are adjectives that modify the subjects of sentences. They also follow linking verbs. A less contemporary term for an adjective used as a subject complement is predicate adjective. My coworkers are friendly.This story is exciting. In the first example, the subject complement friendly modifies the subject coworkers. In the second example, the subject complement exciting modifies the subject story.(Michael Strumpf and Auriel Douglas, The Grammar Bible. Henry Holt, 2004) Object Complements An object complement always follows the direct object and either renames or describes the direct object. Consider this sentence: She named the baby Bruce. The verb is named. To find the subject, ask, Who or what named? The answer is she, so she is the subject. Now ask, Whom or what did she name? She named the baby, so baby is the direct object. Any word following the direct object that renames or describes the direct object is an object complement. She named the baby Bruce, so Bruce is the object complement.(Barbara Goldstein, Jack Waugh, and Karen Linsky, Grammar to Go: How It Works and How to Use It, 4th ed. Wadsworth, 2013)The object complement characterizes the object in the same way as the subject complement characterizes the subject: it identifies, describes, or locates the object (as in We chose Bill as group leader, We consider him a fool, She laid the baby in the crib), expressing either its current state or resulting state (as in They found him in the kitchen vs. She made him angry). It is not possible to delete the object complement without either radically changing the meaning of the sentence (e.g. She called him an idiot - She called him) or making the sentence ungrammatical (e.g. He locked his keys in his office - *He locked his keys). Note that be or some other copula verb can often be inserted between the direct object and the object complement (e.g. I consider him to be a fool, We chose Bill to be group leader, They found him to be in the kitchen).(Laurel J. Brinton and Donna M. Brinton, The Linguistic Structure of Modern English. John Benjamins, 2010) Multiple Meanings of Complement Complement is one of the most confusing terms in scientific grammar. Even in one grammar, that of Quirk et al. (1985), we can find it being used in two ways: a) as one of the five so-called clause elements (1985: 728), (alongside subject, verb, object and adverbial):(20) My glass is empty. (subject complement)(21) We find them very pleasant. (object complement)b) as a part of a prepositional phrase, the part that follows the preposition (1985: 657):(22) on the table In other grammars, this second meaning is extended to other phrases. . . . It therefore appears to have very broad reference, to anything that is needed to complete the meaning of some other linguistic unit. . .   These two basic meanings of complement are neatly discussed in Swan [see below].(Roger Berry, Terminology in English Language Teaching: Nature and Use. Peter Lang, 2010)  The word complement is also used in a wider sense. We often need to add something to a verb, noun, or adjective to complete its meaning. If somebody says I want, we expect to hear what he or she wants; the words the need obviously dont make sense alone; after hearing Im interested, we may need to be told what the speaker is interested in. Words and expressions which complete the meaning of a verb, noun, or adjective are also called complements.Many verbs can be followed by noun complements or -ing forms with no preposition (direct objects). But nouns and adjectives normally need prepositions to join them to noun or -ing form complements.(Michael Swan, Practical English Usage. Oxford University Press, 1995) I want a drink, and then I want to go home.Does she understand the need for secrecy?Im interested in learning to fly. EtymologyFrom the Latin, to fill out Pronunciation: KOM-pli-ment

10 Countries with the Highest Population Density

10 Countries with the Highest Population Density Cities are known for being crowded, but some cities are far more crowded than others. What makes a city feel crowded isnt just the number of people who live there but the physical size of the city. Population density refers to the number of people per square mile. According to the Population Reference Bureau, these ten countries have the worlds highest population densities 1. Manila, Philippines - 107,562 per square mile The capital of the Philippines is home to roughly two million people. Located on the eastern shore of Manila Bay the city is home to one of the finest ports in the country. The city regularly hosts over a million  tourists each year, making the busy streets even more crowded. 2. Mumbai, India - 73,837 per square mile Its no surprise that the Indian city Mumbai comes in second on this list with a population of over 12 million people. The city is the financial, commercial and entertainment capital of India. The city lies on the West coast of India and has a deep natural bay. In 2008, it was dubbed an alpha world city. 3. Dhaka, Bangladesh - 73,583 per square mile Known as the city of mosques, Dhaka is home to roughly 17 million people. It was once one of the most wealthy and prosperous cities in the world. Today the city is the countries political, economic and cultural center. It has one of the largest stock markets in South Asia. 4. Caloocan, Philippines - 72,305 per square mile Historically, Caloocan is important for being home to the secret militant society that spurred the Philippine  Revolution, also known as the Tagalong war, against Spanish colonialists. Now the city is home to almost two million people. 5. Bnei Brak, Isreal - 70,705 per square mile Just east of Tel Aviv, this city is home to 193,500 residents. It is home to one of the largest coca-cola bottling plants in the world. Israels first womens only department stores were built in Bnei Brak; its an example of the gender segregation; implemented by the ultra Orthodox Jewish population. 6. Levallois-Perret, France - 68,458 per square mile Located roughly four miles from Paris, Levallois-Perrett is the most densely populated city in Europe. The city is known for its perfume industry and beekeeping. A cartoon bee has even been adopted at the citys modern emblem. 7. Neapoli, Greece - 67,027 per square mile   The Greek city of Neapoli comes in at number seven on the list of most densely populated cities. The city is divided into eight different districts. While only 30,279 people live in this small city thats impressive given its size is only .45 square miles! 8. Chennai, India - 66,961 per square mile Located on the Bay of Bengal, Chennai is known as the education capital of South India. Its home to almost five million people. Its also considered one of the safest cities in India. Its also home to a large expat community. Its been dubbed one of the must-see cities in the world by the BBC. 9. Vincennes, France - 66,371 per square mile Another suburb of Paris, Vincennes is located just four miles from the city of lights. The city is probably most famous for its castle, Chateau de Vincennes. The castle was originally a hunting lodge for Louis VII but was enlarged in the 14th century. 10. Delhi, India - 66,135 per square mile The city of Delhi is home to roughly 11 million people, putting it just after Mumbai as one of Indias most populated cities. Delhi is an ancient city which has been the capital of various kingdoms and empires. Its home to numerous landmarks. Its also considered the book capital of India due to its high readership rates.